IT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

IT - Essay Example In order to ensure compliance with the Data Protection Act it was decided to ensure that any data which might uniquely identify any patient would not be part of the study. The section of the form, which contained the patient's name, was used only for cross-referencing the accuracy of the data auto generated from the PAS. This was undertaken by a research student employed for the duration of the study. This detachable section was then shredded and discarded. The choice of variables reflects those used by the Royal College of Radiologists in its Re-audit of Radiotherapy Waiting Times 2003 report. It also ties in with the major audit undertaken by the Department annually. This will enable us to cross-reference and to align the data with a view to making recommendations for necessary improvements in the service. Data on overall waiting times will feed into the Department's annual report and incremental improvements in service. Waiting times by gender is part of a larger study into inequalities of access to the service. The Department wishes to identify whether there is any disparity and if so to determine cause, and remove it promptly. Limit to list - the Diagnosis, Dosage, Waiting List Status and Gender fields were limited to the prescribed coded choices. This method was chosen to further protect patient confidentiality in the event that the privacy of the data was compromised. 60 pat Data Verification Most of the data used in the survey was auto-generated from the PAS. Data was double checked against the PAS by the Research Assistant. Results 60 patients were treated during the study period. Compliance with completing and returning the forms was 100%. This accuracy was determined by cross-referencing the number of expected and completed treatments with the number of forms returned. The following findings were explicit from the dataset: There was no immediately apparent correlation between gender and wait time. The average weight time for all treatment types exceeded the good practice 30 minutes. There was no immediately apparent correlation between waiting list status and the amount of time patients spent in the department. Conclusions Implications for Patient care The less time patients spend in the Department, the more able the Department will be able to address some of the

Material Science Essay Example for Free

Material Science Essay Abstract In this assignment I will be defining the 3 essential properties of every material and describing those. I would also be describing how silicon-based semiconductors revolutionized computing. I will also define what microchips are and how they relate to integrate circuits. Since the pressing questions about the increasing ability of computers to quickly process large amounts of information is whether a computer can be built that is considered â€Å"alive† or â€Å"conscious.† I will also be defining artificial intelligence and telling the difference between the human brain and the central processing unit of a computer. Material Science There are three essential properties of every material that scientists use as a foundation for most every study. First it is the kind of atoms that is made up from the material. There are the neutral elements and the compound elements. The neutral elements would have the identical amount of protons and electrons; this would essentially terminate one another, which would leave the protons and electrons neutral. The compound element is when there is a combination of more than one element. The atoms are second in the way that they are arranged. A great way to explain this is by relating atoms of liquid and atoms of solids. For example the atoms of liquids move around allowing the atoms of solids which are packed together. The way that atoms are attached together is number three. These are the key properties when understanding the study of materials. The strong point of the material, this is the capability to endure forces being useful to it without breaking, this is first. The materials elasticity is second, which is the capability to flex while returning to its original form. Number three is the materials plasticity; this is the ability to change its shape forever. Thanks to the starter of semiconductors, computers have developed over a billion times faster than one of the first built in 1946 (ENIAC). Describe how silicon-based semiconductors revolutionized computing. Since silicone semiconductors are capable to move easily through the solid component it is more proficient than copper based conductors. Silicone based conductor’s makes holes which produces and fills a space constantly. This means electrons jump from one atom to another. This will also change the silicon through a process called doping by adding either phosphorus or aluminum the desired effect is achieved. When adding phosphorus to silicon it develops n-type which is negative-semiconductor. When adding aluminum to silicone it develops p-type semiconductors. These are both essential parts functions efficient electrical devices microchips, which are used in computers. Microchips are positive and negative type semiconductors. Microchips do a detailed function. A microchip is individual diodes and transistors will play a big part of the essential function in modern electronics, although these strategies have been mainly replaced by much more complex arrays of P- and N- kind semiconductors, known as microchips. Microchips may join hundreds or thousands of transistors in one integrated circuit, particularly intended to do a specific role. They are related to integrated circuits this is why. Combined circuits (microchips) are the main component in devices such as microwave calculators, and other devices. An integrated circuit microprocessor lies on modern technology. Modern technology is occupied with electrical integrated circuits. Such as, Televisions, MP3 players and computers all contain integrated circuit which allows them to perform specific functions. Also known as microchips or microprocessors, these circuits keep track of all the information being transferred within the device, in essence giving it life. Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce are both who take credit with inventing the integrated circuit, both coming up with the idea within a year of each other while working for separate companies. Artificial Intelligence is a division of science which deals with helping machines and finds explanations to complex problems in a more human like manner. This normally contains borrowing features from human intelligence, and applying them as procedures in a computer friendly way. A more or less well-organized approach can be taken depending on the necessities recognized, which impacts how artificial the intelligent performance seems. (http://ai-depot.com/Intro.html) The 2 essential differences between human brains and the central processing unit of a computer is the brain-computer metaphor has served intellectual psychology well, research in intellectual neuroscience has revealed many significant changes between brains and computers. Escalating these differences may be crucial to understanding the mechanisms of neural information processing, and eventually for the creation of artificial intelligence. (http://scienceblogs.com/developingintelligence/2007/03/27/why-the-brain-is-not-like-a-co/) One difference is that brains are analogue and computers are digital. For instance one of the primary devices of information communication appears to be the amount at which neurons fire a fundamentally unbroken variable. Likewise, networks of neurons can fire in relative synchrony or in relative confusion; the coherence affects the strength of the signals received by downstream neurons. Lastly, inside each and every neuron is a leaky integrator circuit, composed of a diversity of ion channels and endlessly changing membrane potentials. (http://scienceblogs.com/developingintelligence/2007/03/27/why-the-brain-is-not-like-a-co/) Another difference is short-term memory is not like RAM. While the superficial similarities between RAM and short-term memory encouraged many early intellectual psychologists, a closer examination reveals strikingly important differences. Although RAM and short-term memory both seem to required power, short-term seems to hold only to long-term memory however. RAM holds data that is Isomorphic which is having similar appearance but different ancestry. Not like RAM, the capacity limit of short-term memory is not fixed, the capacity of short-term memory seems to vary with differences in processing speed as well as with expertise and understanding. (http://scienceblogs.com/developingintelligence/2007/03/27/why-the-brain-is-not-like-a-co/)

Lorenzos Hometown :: Essays Papers

Lorenzo's Hometown Lorenzo Lujan grew up in Morenci, Arizona. His father worked in the Morenci Mine, and his brothers, brothers in law, uncles and his wife's family all worked in the mine. He said, "[Morenci] was like a big family--and I don't just mean literal family members, the whole town was a family. Morenci was the type of town where you didn't have to lock your doors at night; everybody knew everybody else." But he doesn't relish the idea of returning to his hometown. "Phelps Dodge broke up that whole community. Ninety percent of the people left," he said. "So, when I go to Morenci now, it isn’t the same town I grew up in." Now, in addition to teaching Machine Technologies courses at Pima Community College, he is the Instrument Shop Supervisor in the Chemical Engineering lab at the University of Arizona. My roommate works in the shop he supervises and comes home with some of the most comic stories I've heard in a while. Between eating their own weight in burros and competing with each other in the latest computer games, they manufacture precise custom equipment that is used in experiments involving everything from lasers to rat dissection. I became interested in this fascinating coexistence of Mexican food, video games and drill presses when I learned of Lorenzo's connection to Morenci. What could have possibly happened to the small mining community of Morenci to cause a mass exodus? The answer: STRIKE. But, not just any strike could break up this community. The Morenci Mine Strike of 1983 lasted for over 30 months and left many of Morenci's residents unemployed. The '83 strike pitted half the community against the other, and brought the in outside world with an alarming show of force. In 1983, Phelps Dodge, one of the world's largest mining corporations, was in serious trouble. In 1982, they lost $74million mostly due to bad investments and management personnel issues, but the price of copper was hovering just below the break-even point as well. They had to make cuts to help recoup their financial losses, so in April of 1982, they laid off their entire Arizona and Texas work forces totaling over 3,400 hourly employees. In May of 1983 when the miners' contract negotiations began, the unions wanted to keep the cost-of-living adjustment (COLA) and the medical benefits already in their contracts.

First Investments, Inc. Essay

Basic Industries is a diversified multinational corporation with major shares in various electric related markets. There is stock that has been held since the early 1980s and we have been asked to analyze and evaluate the past 10 years of data to either sell or continue holding the shares. We have also been asked to closely compare years 1993-1994 and not include the strike years 1989-1990. Through my analysis, I found that Basic Industries should hold on to the stocks. This can be backed up with several ratios and analysis for it, like the following: Equity turnover is the highest during 1994, following the trend in increase. If this continues then the company will keep producing more and more revenue with the investments. Asset turnover is also the highest in 1994, and also if this continues (which according the trend it should) there will be a bigger increase in the  reflection of the total assets being efficiently used to produce revenues. Lastly the equity multiplier is showing its highest value in year 1994. Reflecting the increase in how efficiently shareholders’ equity is being used to make assets. All the ratios above come from the DuPont formula, the formula that is used to find Return on Equity. So in theory ROE should be at its highest during the year of 1994. This is not the case due to the decrease in net income and profit margin. This decrease can be best explained by the increase in the interest expense ratio, causing the yearly interest expense to be higher and higher. From our net income sheet, we can see that when there are more expenses, there is less net income – ultimately leading to a drop in Equity. Return on Equity will take a hit from this higher interest expense each year. If the company wants to increase ROE again with good quality, they must continue to hold the investments to produce more revenue and ultimately assets as well. However, they must decrease the interest expense rate by either paying off debt or refinancing their short-term and long term debt. These two decisions will surely reflect an increase in ROE again, unless there is another strike or major economy crash. INTRODUCTION We have been asked to solve the assignment given to Fred Aldrich, which is analyzing the data of Basic Industries for the past ten years and making investment recommendations. Basic Industries is a global corporation that holds shares in various electrical related markets. The most recent annual report – 1994, shows a decline in the return on owners’ equity. This has some investors worried and they want him to figure out how the return on equity has been achieved in the past ten years. Fred has been suggested to forget the years 1989-1990 since there were strikes and the data wouldn’t be as comparable to other years. He has also been suggested to focus on the analysis for key financial ratios and direct  comparison between years 1993-1994, the most recent years. We have to focus on the quality of the company’s earning since the investors place an emphasis for it. Our end recommendation should be whether or not we hold on to the stocks because they are generating healthy equity. The first thing to do was calculate some key financial ratios for all eight years to be able to get a grasp on the trends for equity. Second, is to go more in depth analysis between years 1993-1994 to see why there is a drop in equity. After valuation, we should be able to determine whether or not the drop on equity was due to the stock investments or maybe it was due to something else. Lastly, calculating the quality of earnings will be a key factor for deciding whether or not to keep the stocks – but maybe change something else within the company to raise return on equity again. ANALYSIS AND CALCULATIONS Below are all the ratios and percentages used to support the analysis: From the calculations above, we can conclude that Return on Equity has a smooth trend over the eight years. Return on Equity is lower in the year 1994, which is why investors are worried. But this can be explained with some other ratios. The reason why ROE (Return on Equity) is lower in 1994 is because of the operating profit being lower as well, the year 1992 had the highest operating profit margin and then it started slowly dropping. Equity turnover has slowly being increasing throughout the years; this is a good sign. It means that the company has been producing more and more revenue with the investment – in this case all the shares in the various electrical related markets. Another good sign for the investment is the asset turnover ratio increasing throughout the years. This reflects that the assets are being efficiently used in the production of revenues. So far, we can conclude that the company is allocating assets in the right manners to produce the maximum revenues possible, and we know that the investment has also being increasing its turnover ratio. Lastly, the equity multiplier is showing an increase through the years; reflecting how efficient  shareholders’ equity is being used to create assets. So, why is ROE lower in 1994 if the ratios above show otherwise? This is because the interest expense has been increasing year by year; this decreases the quality of earnings since there is more interest being paid for long-term and short-term debt. Even though the company is paying more money, they are getting into more debt and paying high interest rates for such that ultimately reduces net income and therefore reduces ROE. After analyzing the decreasing tax rate, we can say that interest expense and its ratio has also being increasing.

Social Studies Sba on Poverty

Name:Nicholas Benjamin School:Ferncourt High school Candidate #: Centre #: 100035 Territory:Jamaica Teacher:Ms. M. Reid Title:Unemployment within the community of Browns Town Table of Contents Chapter one (1)Acknowledgement Introduction Statement of the problem Reasons for selecting area of research Method of investigation Chapter two (2)Instruments used in data collection Procedures for data collection Chapter three (3)Presentation of data Chapter four (4)Analysis and interpretations of data Chapter five (5)Statement of findingsRecommendations and implementation strategy Bibliography Introduction Browns Town is a small community located in St Ann Jamaica. The Researcher has been a resident of the community for the past 16 years and has observed that there is a very high level of unemployment within the community over the years. The Researcher has decided to conduct a research to find the major causes, and effects of unemployment, and also to find the solutions to the problem. Acknow ledgement The Researcher would like to thank following persons for their help in the completion of this research. Related article: Social Studies SBA on Drug AbuseThe respondents for their valuable time spent answering the questionnaires. My teacher, Miss Reid for her guidance. The researcher would also like to thank his mother and fellow classmates, for their kind support and encouragement. Statement of the Problem What factors account for the high rate of unemployment within the community of Brown’s Town and how is the community affected? Reasons for selecting area of research The Researcher has observed that there is a high level of unemployment in the community of Brown’s Town and would like to further examine the causes and effects to find a solution for the problem.Method of investigation The researcher has decided to use printed questionnaire as a means of collecting data. According to the oxford dictionary, a questionnaire is a set of printed questions for completing a survey. The advantages of using the questionnaires are as follows: * It requires little time to be complet ed. * It can be completed at the convenience of the respondents. * It guarantees confidentiality since the respondents are not required to attach their names. * Distribution and collection of questionnaires are not time consuming. QuestionnaireTopic:What factors account for the high rate of unemployment within the community of Brown’s Town and how the community is affected? Instruction:This is not a test; answer all questions as truthfully as possible. Place a tick at the appropriate answer or fill out where necessary. 1) What gender do you belong to? Male Female 2) What age group do you belong? 18-25 years 25-33 years 34-40 years 41- over years 3) How long have you been living in the community of Brown’s Town? 1 year 1-2 years 3-4 years 5 years and over 4) Do you think unemployment is a major problem in the community of Brown’s Town?YES NO 5) Which gender do you believe most unemployed people belong? Male Female 6) What is the major cause of unemployment? a) No t fully qualified b) Lack of employment opportunities c) High transportation cost d) Other __________________________________ 7) How do you believe unemployment affect the individual? __________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 8) How does unemployment affect families in the community of Brown’s Town? a) Poverty ) Absenteeism(one parent leaving to find employment in another area) c) Prostitution d) High stress level in families 9) How do you believe unemployment affect the community? a) Increase crime and violence b) Increase in poverty c) Migration of skilled and qualified persons d) More Juvenile delinquents 10) How does unemployment affect the children in families? a) Absents from school b) Lack of Proper health care c) Lack proper nutrition d) Children becoming delinquents 11) Do you believe being enough is done to lessen unemployment? Yes No 12) Give reasons for your answer in 11 above. _______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ 13) Which of the following do you think is responsible for the high level of unemployment in the community of Brown’s Town? a) The individual b) The government c) The Business community d) Other ___________________________ 14) Do you believe the problem of unemployment can be alleviated in the community of Brown’s Town? Yes No 15) What can the community do to reduce the high level of unemployment? a) Provide skills training centers b) Provide employment opportunities ) Help individuals to get fully qualified d) Encourage Entrepreneurship Procedures for collecting data The research was conducted in the community of Brown’s Town. A total of ten questionnaires were given to randomly selected respondents. Of these ten (10) respondents, four (4) were males and six (6) were females. The respondents lived in the area one (1) to ten (10) years. Some of the questionnaires were immediately completed and returned while others were collected the following day. All (10) questionnaires were completed and returned. Figure 1:A pie chart showing the responses question # 4.Do you think unemployment is a major problem in the community of Brown’s Town? In the pie chart above nine (9) or ninety percent (90%) of the respondents agreed that unemployment is a major problem in the community of Brown’s Town. One (1) or ten percent (10%) said no. Figure 2:Bar graph showing the responses to question # 6. What is the major cause of unemployment in Browns Town? In the bar graph above two or twenty percent (20%) of the respondents agree that high transportation cost is the major cause of unemployment in Brown’s Town. Three(3)or thirty percent(30%) believe not fully qualified.The remaining five (5) or fifty percent (50%) said lack of employment opportunities. Figure 3: A Bar Graph showing the responses to question # 8. How does unemployment affect families in the community of Brown’s town? In the Bar Graph above four (4) or forty percent (40%) believe unemployment increase high stress level in families, two (2) or twenty percent (20%) it increases Prostitution, one (1) or ten percent (10%) believe there is an absenteeism (One parent leaving to find employment in another area). The remaining three (3) or thirty percent (30%) believe unemployment affects the amilies in the community of Brown’s Town by means of poverty. Figure 5:A pie chart showing the responses question #11. Do you believe enough is being done to lessen unemployment? The pie chart above states three (3) or thirty percent (30%) of the respondents agreed that enough is being done to lessen unemployment in the community of Brown’s Town. seven (7) or seventy percent (70%) disagreed. Figure 4:A table showing the responses to Question #9. How do you believe unemployment affect the community? Responses| # of Responden ts| % of Respondents| Increase Crime and Violence| 5| 50%|Increase in poverty| 3| 30%| Migration of skilled and qualified workers| 1| 10%| More juvenile delinquents| 1| 10%| total| 10| 100%| In the Table above five (5) or fifty percent (50%) of the respondents believe there is an increase in crime and violence. Three (3) or thirty percent (30%) think there’s an increase in poverty. One (1) or ten percent (10%) believe that skilled and qualified workers have migrated . The remaining one (1) or ten percent(10%) believe there are other ways to reduce the high level of unemployment. Figure 6: A Bar Graph showing the responses to question #13.Which of the following do you think is responsible for the high level of unemployment in the community of Brown’s Town? In the bar graph above four(4) or forty percent (40%) of the respondents agree that the individual is responsible for the cause of unemployment in Brown’s Town. Another four (4) or forty percent (40%) believe t he government. One (1) or ten (10%) of the respondents thinks it is the business community and the remaining one (1) or ten percent (10%) said others are responsible for the high level of unemployment in the community of Brown’s Town. Figure 7:A Table showing the responses to Question # 15.What can the community do to reduce the high level of unemployment? Responses| # of Respondents| % of Respondents| Provide skills training centers| 3| 30%| Provide employment opportunities| 4| 40%| Help individuals to get fully qualified| 2| 20%| Encourage Entrepreneurship| 1| 10%| Total| 10| 100%| In the Table above three (3) or thirty percent (30%) of the respondents believe the community should provide skills training centers to reduce the high level of unemployment . Four (4) or forty percent(40%) think the community should provide employment opportunities.Two (2) or twenty percent(20%) believe the community should help individual to get fully qualified . The remaining one (1) or ten pe rcent(10%) believe there are other ways to reduce the high level of unemployment. Analysis and interpretation of Data According to google. com/dictionary unemployment is a situation in which people are without jobs either because they are unwilling to accept available jobs or because there are no jobs available. Based on the research conducted, unemployment is a major problem in the community of Brown’s Town.This is illustrated in figure 1, a pie chart showing 90% of the respondents saying yes unemployment is a major problem in the community while the remaining 10% said no. The research has also revealed that unemployment has many causes. Based on the responses of the respondents, where 10% percent believed that high transportation cost is a major cause of unemployment, 40% believed lack of qualification is the cause and another 30% said lack of employment opportunities while the remaining 20 % said there are other major causes of unemployment in the community of Brownâ€℠¢s Town. Unemployment affects families in the community in many ways.The research states in figure 3, that 40% of the respondents believe this causes high stress level in families. 20% believe it causes female members of the family to become prostitutes. And 10% believe that it causes absenteeism of one parent trying to get employment opportunity in another area. The remaining 30% thinks it causes poverty in the family because they are not earning so they become poor. Unemployment affects the community in many ways also. According to the research, one major way is an increase in crime and violence as illustrated in figure 4 where 50% of the respondents believed this. 0% of the respondents believed it increases poverty, 10% believed that there is a migration of skilled and qualified persons. The remaining 10% believed there are more juveniles delinquents. According to figure 5, it is shown that 70% of the respondent believe that enough is not being done to lessen the high level of un employment in the community of Brown’s Town and the remaining 30% percent state that enough is being done. The responses state that 40% of the respondents believe that the individual is responsible for the high level of unemployment in the community of Brown’s Town. Another 40% believe the government is responsible. 0% of the respondent states it is the business community while the remaining 10% states other persons are responsible. Based on the responses of the respondents, there are many things that the community can do to reduce the high level of unemployment. As illustrated in figure 7 which show the responses to question number 15. What can the community do to reduce the high level of unemployment? 40% of the respondents believed that the community should provide employment opportunities, 20% believed the community should help individuals get fully qualified and 30% believe they could provide skills training centers.The remaining 10% believed the community should encourage entrepreneurship as it would provide employment. The Researcher agrees that unemployment is a major problem in the community of Brown’s Town. This problem is having a negative effect on the community and should not be allowed to increase, based on the other social issues to which it contributes. The researcher believes the following steps should be taken to solve the problem The government should ensure that all students leaving secondary schools get the opportunity to go to college or get a skill by having a special fund for this purpose.The government can also invite other Caribbean nations to set up businesses in the country to create employment for persons. Statement of Findings Based on the research conducted the researcher made the following findings. 1. Unemployment is a major problem in the community of Brown’s Town. 2. The major causes of unemployment are lack of employment opportunities, high transportation costs, and persons not being fully qualifi ed. 3. Unemployment affects the community in the following ways. Increase in crime and violence, increase poverty and the migration of skilled and qualified persons. . Unemployment affects the families by increasing their state of poverty, causing one parent to leave to find employment in another area and high stress levels on the home. 5. unemployment affect the children in families by preventing them from attending school, the lack of proper health care, lack of proper nutrition and children becoming delinquents. 6. Unemployment can be alleviated in the community of Brown’s Town. 7. The community can do the following to reduce unemployment. Provide skills training centers provide employment opportunities and help individuals to get fully qualified.Recommendations and implementation strategy The Researcher would like to make the following recommendation as a solution for the high rate of unemployment within the community of Brown’s Town. There is a great need for pers ons to become fully qualified. If the various social groups such as the church and the community clubs would sponsor persons from the community who are unable to pay their tuition fees for tertiary education, that would help a great deal. These persons upon completion of their education should in turn help others in the community achieve a higher level of education and skills.Club groups should try to get the governments help to open a skills training center within the community where persons can learn a skill. Later these individuals should open businesses to provide employment for themselves and others in the community. Bibliography Ramsawak, Rampersad, Umraw, Ralph R. Modules in Social Studies (3rd Edition) Caribbean educational Publishers 2002-2003 Unemployment retrieved from http://www. www. wordiq. com September 18, 2012 http://www. images. search. yahoo. com